Buildability- SB 9 (California)
- California's 2021 law (operative Jan 1, 2022) allowing ministerial, by-right duplex development and lot splits on most single-family parcels statewide. Owner-occupancy required for three years. SB 9 effectively upzones every eligible single-family parcel in California to four units — original plus duplex on each half-lot split. Local governments cannot require discretionary review, conditional use permits, or environmental review for qualifying projects. Historic districts, very-high FHSZ zones, and certain other overlays remain exempt.
- SB 35 (California)
- California's 2017 streamlining law requiring ministerial approval for multifamily housing in cities that have not met their Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) goals. Projects must satisfy affordability, prevailing-wage, and zoning-compliance thresholds. SB 35 is the fastest discretionary-to-ministerial conversion path in California and has unlocked thousands of units in supply-constrained cities. Combined with density bonus, SB 35 is the primary vehicle for large mixed-income projects in urban infill markets.
- AB 2011 (California)
- California's 2022 Affordable Housing and High Road Jobs Act, allowing ministerial approval of residential development on parcels zoned for office, retail, or parking — effectively rezoning commercial corridors for housing without a local rezoning vote. Requires prevailing-wage labor and permanent affordability covenants. AB 2011 became operative July 1, 2023, and is the primary vehicle for converting underused commercial land to housing. Parallel statute AB 2097 eliminates parking minimums near transit for AB 2011 projects.
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